The Passage Owns Me
first published in Beguile
For we who love to read, to teach: I understand.
Far, far too many to count let alone comment on; far, far too many even for sifting; I know.
And yet, when we think on it, and it’s good to think on it, we who read can recall those quiet, gorgeous, or, on the other hand, those supernova passages, passages that do not simply linger but work their way into muscle and bone and become as much a part of who we are, years and decades on, as they were a part of the writer. They can, even upon, especially upon, a first-reading and then again, upon a return reading generations on, lend one a peace that, as T.S. Eliot said, goes beyond human understanding, washing over and into our pores, cells, and souls as an enduring tonic like no other. Such a passage can, too, make us bolt, upright, setting off a wonder and delight demanding multiple re-readings then and there.
There are passages, paragraphs, even just sentences from Virginia Woolf (the ending sentences in To The Lighthouse), William Faulkner (the 100+ word opening sentence defining inner-time-and-space, in Absalom, Absalom!), or Thomas Mann (the sequences on Love and Honor in The Magic Mountain), and so many others, that work on me in this way.
These and hundreds of other moments have stayed in me for so many years. I won’t list more now because I’m concerned, foolishly I know, about a lack of inclusion. Except for one, one that has bored a space, lodged in my heart and in my mind like no other, a paragraph that originated with Mr. Clemens, of course, but that I have come to feel, in a strange and wondrous way, that I now own, and that my soul will own long after I pass.
Mid-way, Chapter 31: Huck’s crisis-of-conscience, the conscience of a child, the emerging battered conscience of a deeply evil national history, evil because chosen, mirrored in that small boy. He has his one chance to wrest himself from the stranglehold of nefarious criminals and he can do it by denouncing Jim to Miss Watson, Jim’s owner under law, Jim the runaway, now a man to Huck, no longer a slave-only.
Remember with me, for a moment, this electrifying passage, a moment that subverts all traditional social and American religious ethics and demands that America grow up and adhere to Higher Law. It even now shivers me deeply and wells me up.
“Miss Watson your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile below Pikesville and Mr. Phelps has got him and he will give him up for the reward if you send. HUCK FINN
“I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray now….I went on thinking…how near I come to being lost and going to hell. And got to thinking over our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me, all the time; in the day, and in the night-time, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we a floating along, talking, and singing, and laughing. But somehow I couldn’t seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind. I’d see him standing my watch on top of his’n…so I could go on sleeping; and see…how good he always was; …and then I happened to look around, and see that paper. It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’- and tore it up”.
As I say, I have come to believe that I own this passage; the truth is that it owns me.
Art W. Stone
07/29/2019 @ 2:51 pm
A transformative passage for many Mr. Wolfman.
Jonathan Wolfman
07/29/2019 @ 2:53 pm
Indeed, yes. May I know who you are? And thanks for reading!
Ron Powell
07/29/2019 @ 4:25 pm
Huckleberry Finn had an epiphany and made the correct moral choice….
However, Clemens did not anticipate widespread black literacy. Hence, he could not possibly have anticipated black readership of his”classic” work.
There is very little in or about Huckleberry Finn that could conceivably have the same effect on the mind or psyche of a young black person the way the material had an effect on you…
There were many abolitionists who, while vehemently against slavery as a moral wrong, would never accept black equality.
Lincoln, the “Great Emancipator” himself, was among those who “wouldn’t want to marry one”.
Though commendable in the impact that Clemens’ work has had on the psyche of impressionable young white people, his work was incomplete and lacking in ways that only the passage of nearly 100 years could addres….The political and social choices were yet to be made….Even in the absence of slavery which was terminated by the Civil War 20 years before “Huckleberry Finn” was published.
Today, we are saddled with a president and a third of the population that are unable to make the correct moral choices re the the color of a person’s skin…
I have stated in the past that what is needed here is a national epiphany not unlike the one experienced by Huck Finn….
That you have been so moved as to have kept this excerpt with you is clear evidence of the capacity of literature to alter the course of individual lives and the history of a collective or community…
Jonathan Wolfman
07/30/2019 @ 9:32 am
Accepting all of that, Ron, it remains a seminal moment in American and world literature.
Ron Powell
07/30/2019 @ 10:49 am
“…t remains a seminal moment in American and world literature.”
Perhaps so, but with this caveat:
“For whites only”
Jonathan Wolfman
07/30/2019 @ 11:25 am
The importance of a seminal artistic moment is beyond the pulls and tugs of the concerns of religions, ethnicities, races. I could argue that Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony as played by Berlin’s von Karajan would not be a shining moment bc I am a Jew. And I’d be wrong.
Ron Powell
07/31/2019 @ 5:58 pm
Yes you would be….
However, there’s nothing about Beethoven’s 9th that would cause you, as a Jew, to cringe with the pain and anxiety of a black school kid hearing/reading the “n” word 273 times for the sake of appreciating literature written essentially and primarily for the benefit of white people…
Jonathan Wolfman
07/31/2019 @ 6:02 pm
Ron…Are you calling for the book to be banned , taken off shelves, kept from students (and if so, at what level)? If you are, do you argue that may be a consensus in the African-American community? If you’re not calling for restricting the reading of the book in any way, what would you like to see happen as to ‘Huck’?
Jonathan Wolfman
07/31/2019 @ 6:07 pm
What is the proper way to have the novel live among us? I have an answer. I’d like to her yours. It will be the same answer, mine, that I’d offer to Jews concerned with students reading/performing ‘Merchant’.
07/31/2019 @ 6:21 pm
Respectfully, Ron, I disagree. There is no amount of lexicon scrubbing that can erase anxiety or suffering from the human experience.
I won’t condescend to you, you surpass me in time on this Earth, but I will use examples from my experience to make the point. Respectfully.
By this point in life, I have experienced quite a lot. On balance, life has been good, but we’re talking about the anxiety inducing moments, right. Here’s a couple.
1. Getting punched in the teeth. Maybe you’ve had it happen to you. Maybe you haven’t. I’ve had it a bunch. I can describe it for you in detail. At first, a shock of pain. There is also a sound from inside your head that sounds like the slamming of a door. Then there is warmth. Blood rushes into the sweeping area. Then you taste salt and iron. That’s your blood moving across your tongue. The fist accelerates into your face usually before you see it. Your brain tells you about it right after it lands.
This sort of punch existed before the words for it, and will exist afterwards, if we can manage to scrub the experience from the set of words to describe it. Not a damn thing will change about how it happens, why it happens, or how it feels.
2. Death of a loved one. There are lots of ways that this can happen, and lots of ways to describe it. It happened before we had words for it, and I am certain it will continue.
My mom and my aunts made funny euphemisms for common expressions. One was, “El Toro Poo-Poo.” This is what we know as bullshit. Mom wouldn’t say it. This was from decades ago. Today, Donald Trump said he’s the least racist person on the planet. Clearly, removing the practice of saying the words did not remove the presence of its metaphorical essence in our world.
Ron Powell
07/31/2019 @ 7:53 pm
Your experiences are just that your experiences. Just as mine are mine…
Huckleberry Finn was not written with the expectation of a black audience or readership.
The result is a black experience that transcends the personal and is a communal or collective reaction that could not possibly have been anticipated by the author…
Solution:
Be honest and truthful about it…
koshersalaami
08/01/2019 @ 7:07 am
Ron,
Is it the work or the teaching of the work? I’ve heard your description of the experience and how your classmates relished being able to use the word without censorship in that context. If that’s how it’s taught, you’re right. If I watched Triumph of the Will as a kid in a room full of antisemites, I doubt I would have approved of its teaching, though I’d say it’s more than Jews who need to understand that film because it isn’t mainly Jews who have to learn to be careful about susceptibility to that approach.
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 9:11 am
Unless I have wholly misunderstood Ron here (and I do not think I have), he’s saying that virtually no one he’s known or has known of … has taught these fraught works with the set of skills, the background, the sensitivity to text and variety of audiences, that can sustain, can recommend their continued places in syllabi, on public shelves, let alone in any supposed canon.
And/or, Ron is saying that there are nowhere near enough of the proper teachers out there who would warrant these works being retained for teaching purposes.
As yet I have no real idea what Ron means by “be honest and truthful about it” aside from what I propose here, a crit-lit multidisciplinary approach, an approach he seems to say won’t suffice bc the teaching corps is so poor.
I have taught HUCK, MOCKINGBIRD (that latter novel likely. now, well past its effectiveness in even late elementary and middle schools), MERCHANT OF VENICE, EICHMANN IN JERUSALEM (Arendt), JEWS WITHOUT MONEY (Michael Gold’s 1931 deeply gritty, socialist masterwor/ biographical novel abt what life was like in the Lower ast Side…really like….), THINGS FALL APART (Achebe) paired with HEART OF DARKNESS (Conrad). As you may know, Achebe found HEART OF DARKNESS a dangerously racist novella despite its beloved place in the minds of Western Liberal Culture.
I’m hardly alone in this. There are far, far more people in the schools and universities who do teach well.
The question remains: what do we DO with these fraught works?
I taught JEWS WITHOUT MONEY in a Jewish Day School in the ‘;70s. That was an interesting moment when kids read, on the final page, the author explicitly calling for the Messiah (for Mr Gold, the Socialist Revolution) to come to the Lower East Side (to the USA), destroy it and build it anew.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 1:34 pm
I am saying that declaring the material to be universally transformative,like it or not, is inappropriate…
Your reduction of my objection to a ‘ like it or ban it’ argument is. disrespectful, demeaning, and insulting…
What goes on in certain college or university classrooms is not the norm or standard re the way in which the book is presented in public school clasrooms….
AND YOU DAMNED WELL KNOW IT, JUST AS I DO…
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 1:41 pm
Ron the core issue here is not abt anyone’s transformation. It needn’t be for you or anyone else.
You are attaching to that word only or primarily and that’s frankly your choice. It never needed to transform you, by my lights. And you well know that is not what I am arguing here. Nor do I think every African-American has the same sense of the novel as you do, just as I do not think every White American who has read it shares my sense of it.
What I’d love you or anyone here to do is to grapple w the issue I raise here centrally: What specifically…in the face of your saying tht the book ought NOT be suppressed in any way, do w books that are fraught, w film, painting, et. al.?
it’s obviously your right to hang on the word “transformative” and claim that renders me insensitive and the other issue(s) here not worthy of honest reply…but so far that is what you’re doing.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 1:28 pm
It’s the way in which the material is/was presented…Without qualification or caveat…
Jonathan Wolfman
07/30/2019 @ 12:34 pm
Ronald Powell Do you hold w those who’d remove the novel from school syllabi and school and public libraries?
Ron Powell
07/31/2019 @ 5:59 pm
Absolutely not!!!
Jonathan Wolfman
07/31/2019 @ 6:33 pm
If we agree that scrubbing shelves and syllabi are not close to optimal, what do we want to do, actively, about all sorts of challenging art that many find hurtful?
These may include HUCK, MERCHANT, MANHATTAN (Woody Allen), TRIUMPH OF THE WILL (Riefenstahl, Hitler’s fave film director), not to mention tens of thousands of ‘Westerns’, movies and novels and their idiotic and cruel depictions of native Americans? (Some of even that last can be justly called art.)
What do we wish to do with the lot?
Ron Powell
07/31/2019 @ 7:45 pm
Be honest about it and accompany the “art” with the truth….
Jonathan Wolfman
07/31/2019 @ 8:02 pm
The solution is to teach lit crit along w the novel. Teach it well. Teach students to INTERROGATE THE TEXT, using all fashion of historical critical tools…economic, cultural, racial, context, employing a wide range of critics.
Ron Powell
07/31/2019 @ 11:31 pm
Precisely….
The problem here is too many teachers are unprepared and ilequipped for such an eclectic and comprehensive, interdisciplinary, approach…
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 12:03 am
Well, then, Ron, if that has no shot, we are then thrown back on…what?
We are thrown back on your sincere yet substance-free approach: “Be honest about it and accompany the “art” with the truth….”. That’s pablum, Ron. And it forces you into an absurd choice.
Why is it at best pablum? And what choice?
Because unless you’re suggesting, absent, suppressing these books, absent replacing teachers w preachers (and they most assuredly do not have a learned, critical and interdisciplinary approach)…no one reading this fairly has, yet, any damned idea what it might be that you think CAN justly keep art that we must confront as we teach it in the classroom and on the library shelves.
Tonics such as “Be honest about it and accompany the “art” with the truth….” will not answer, and cannot answer whether or no you demean the entire discussion by placing quotation marks around the word ART.
Your choice is: either you keep the stuff alive and available and taught w the best pedagogy possible, in the schools, or you don’t.
If you choose to keep these works where they are and eschew suppression, and you reject, out of hand new approaches to the teaching of fraught material, then your options fall back to
Get Rid of It
or
Just Bitch.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 1:25 pm
Teachers can be trained to present materials such as Huck Finn and Merchant with integrity and compassion…
Historical and social context and intent can be discerned and delivered in the classroom without”preaching”…
Your dichotomy is much too simplistic…
And I say again Huck Finn may well be transformative but for whom, I may ask without diminishing the value of the piece for and to the intended and anticipated audience…
If you think that I was supposed to wade through the 273 instances of Clemens’ often gratuitous use of the “n” word and the effects and consequences of that usage in the classroom, schoolyard, lunch room, and neighborhood playground and experience white folks sense of “semina ltransformation”, you are indeed clueless…
But I know that you’re not…
Which is a source of consternation for me here…
You seem to be suggesting that because white folks find Huckleberry Finn “transformative”, black folks must , perforce, accept it as such….
That, sir, is the stuff “white privilege” bullshit…
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 1:32 pm
It needn’t be transformative for anyone for my question to hold, Ron, for my question to want an answer that is not adage-like. What do you want done w fraught books, paintings in our schools and universities, et.al.?
Again:
Unless I have wholly misunderstood you here, Ron (and I do not think I have), he’s saying that virtually no one he’s known or has known of … has taught these fraught works with the set of skills, the background, the sensitivity to text and variety of audiences, that can sustain, can recommend their continued places in syllabi, on public shelves, let alone in any supposed canon.
And/or, Ron is saying that there are nowhere near enough of the proper teachers out there who would warrant these works being retained for teaching purposes.
As yet I have no real idea what Ron means by “be honest and truthful about it” aside from what I propose here, a crit-lit multidisciplinary approach, an approach he seems to say won’t suffice bc the teaching corps is so poor.
I have taught HUCK, MOCKINGBIRD (that latter novel likely. now, well past its effectiveness in even late elementary and middle schools), MERCHANT OF VENICE, EICHMANN IN JERUSALEM (Arendt), JEWS WITHOUT MONEY (Michael Gold’s 1931 deeply gritty, socialist masterwor/ biographical novel abt what life was like in the Lower ast Side…really like….), THINGS FALL APART (Achebe) paired with HEART OF DARKNESS (Conrad). As you may know, Achebe found HEART OF DARKNESS a dangerously racist novella despite its beloved place in the minds of Western Liberal Culture.
I’m hardly alone in this. There are far, far more people in the schools and universities who do teach well.
The question remains: what do we DO with these fraught works?
I taught JEWS WITHOUT MONEY in a Jewish Day School in the ‘;70s. That was an interesting moment when kids read, on the final page, the author explicitly calling for the Messiah (for Mr Gold, the Socialist Revolution) to come to the Lower East Side (to the USA), destroy it and build it anew.
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 2:33 pm
One last time: you need not see anything I have found transformative.
That is was for me, that JEWS WITHOUT MONEY was for me, does not render me insensitive to anyone nor to any group of persons. Your charge, above, is, at best, avoidance.
And that it was, for me, is simply “white privilege” is inane bc that charge assumes that you have a privileged understanding of the novel. You don’. Neither do I.
What WOULD be abhorrent would be were I to argue that the book must be transformative for you.
Back in evening.
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 1:35 pm
Ron you were victim, many were and are victims to poor teaching, not to books that ought not have been taught.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 1:44 pm
I never said that the book ought not be taught..
What I said was the notion that it is “transformative”should be ascribed or attributed to white folks…
There is very little about the book that black folks would find transformative…But that surely doesn’t mean that It should be banned…
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 1:49 pm
My calling it transformative for me obligates no one of any race to agree.
When I say some John Sayles films (LONE STAR, e.g.) have been for me transformative, oMann’s THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN has been, or, again, JEWS WITHOUT MONEY, or EICHMANN IN JERUSALEM…it obliges no one to accept that for herself.
And you know that.
WHAT OUGHT WE DO W VERY FRAUGHT BOOKS, ET. AL.?
For heaven’s sake pls, people, offer something specific and actionable.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 2:06 pm
“…transformative for me obligates no one of any race to agree…”
If that is so, then why the immediate and specious pushback re my caveat that the book is “transformative” “for whites only”…
I purposely chose the acerbic phrase because black people of my generation understand the breadth and depth of the phrase on a level that few , if any, white people can fully comprehend or appreciate….
You clearly find the application and use of the phrase in this context troubling and yet you haven’t attempted to ascertain or explain why…
More white privilege….
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 2:18 pm
Ron all I am pushing you on is what seems a conundrum in your position: we ought not suppress, you say, but yet you have no more actionable advice for teachers at all levels beyond “teach the truth”. And I am saying that, in itself, does not answer.
I say TEACH AS MANY PEOPLE’S TRUTHS AS WE CAN, in the yes, tough-do-do interdisciplinary approach I outline in this thread.
Do you imagine that I have taught all of these works in a vacuum? I have always consulted African-American literary/historical criticism of the novel as i teach it. I get it that I am a minority as to that. And I get it that you don’t trust most (or all?) white teachers to do a proper job w HUCK. Neither do I have confidence in many.
I would still urge the book to be taught even given the outsized disparity. Suppression is worse.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 2:33 pm
“I would still urge the book to be taught even given the outsized disparity. Suppression is worse.”
I agree…
Next time you make a classroom presentation on Clemens’ Huckleberry Finn and you describe the book or a passage as “transformative, try ” indicating black people don’t and perhaps shouldn’t, share that perspective on the piece…..
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 2:40 pm
Ron, I have never told any group of students that it was an objectively transformative work of art…nothing close…only that it was for me highly important as I grappled/grapple w the American Canon, and that I as yet find it affecting.
And truth is, too, that I’ll almost certainly never teach it again.
Unless you and I together find a way to teach it, and, perhaps, some faulkner, together, online.
BTW consider The King and The Duke characters stand-ins for the slaveholder-class…wholesale brutal and stupid con-artists whose avoidance of work amounts to religious devotion.
Ron Powell
08/01/2019 @ 4:15 pm
“Unless you and I together find a way to teach it, and, perhaps, some faulkner, together, online.”
A project worthy of serious consideration….
Perhaps the development of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, teachers’ ‘companion’ for the book…
Somebody needs to do it. or something like it….
Jonathan Wolfman
08/01/2019 @ 4:42 pm
All that’s troubling is your dodging.
I have no atoning to accomplish here.
I just want someone to help find a solid, actionable way to help move us forward, since we’re agreed suppression of books isn’t on, isn’t wanted, to suggest ways to get off the dime.
I have suggested one, Ron. You and I offer to teach an online course in fraught American Lit, together.
Ronald Powell
08/03/2019 @ 7:43 pm
Set it up…I’m in…
jphart
03/18/2020 @ 3:00 pm
hazy clouds
on moon
familiar swan
perpetuities’ tune
poppies sprout
RFK our flame
twined bandanas
red + green
mine eyes
have seen
her cold jaw
outside horizontal
RAIN
inside that white
board-red
vertical
bayonet
blue as
a boy
can
B
jpHart
05/14/2020 @ 1:27 am
Excellent outtake…loyal reader caught this early on and for days gone by I’ve been upon:
J.Dos Passos’
‘1919’
(BIT X BIT)
As well as the last paragraph of ‘Old Man and the Sea’
of course.
JP Hart
09/22/2023 @ 2:55 am
Avons-nous oublié Chuck Berry?!
koshersalaami
09/30/2023 @ 12:02 am
I don’t know. Have we?
JP Hart
10/01/2023 @ 6:04 pm
CHUCK BERRY
Five seven five
We wish you were yet alive
Rock, roll: morning light